{"id":4173,"date":"2022-05-27T15:03:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T14:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/?p=4173"},"modified":"2022-06-22T11:16:54","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T10:16:54","slug":"a-love-letter-to-heartstopper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/2022\/05\/27\/a-love-letter-to-heartstopper\/","title":{"rendered":"A Love Letter to Heartstopper"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\">Why we can\u2019t stop thinking about Heartstopper.\u00a0 Kirsty Gravestock (PhD student),  Dr Lindsey Cameron (Reader in Psychology), Hannah Bassom and Abigail Lugg (Undergraduate Students) have a new Netflix series, &#8216;Heartstopper&#8217; on the brain.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This beautiful, boy meets boy story, set in a Kent secondary school, is taking the world by storm. Based on the series of graphic novels by <a href=\"https:\/\/aliceoseman.com\/\">Alice Oseman<\/a>, the series of the same name is on the surface of it, an unapologetic, heart-warming love story, following two 15- and 16-year-old boys as they discover who they are, and that they are really into each other \u2013 like <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">really <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">into each other. But it\u2019s so much more than that &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/people\/218\/cameron-lindsey\">Dr Lindsey Cameron<\/a> has been studying diversity and representation in children\u2019s books and TV for 20 years now and she and Kirsty Gravestock (her PhD student researching the impact of LGBTQ+ media portrayals on support for equality and social change), can tell you that this new Netflix series, and the books it is based on, is nothing short of <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">radical <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> just<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> what the world needs right now.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Heartstopper has opened a ground-breaking new chapter in LGBTQ+ representation, tween and young adult fiction, and bold queer stories. Through the series we follow the two main characters and their close circle of friends, each on their own journeys to understand their LGBTQ+ identity.\u202fWhile the characters refer to homophobic and transphobic bullying they have experienced in the past, and there are several instances of homophobic victimisation depicted in the series, the show focuses more on the positive relationships and lives the characters are building for themselves. The show provides a fictional, and somewhat rose tinted view of life for LGBTQ+ young people, and may bring about <a title=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/heartstopper-depicts-queer-joy-heres-why-that-can-bring-about-complicated-feelings-for-those-in-the-lgbtiq-community-183729\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/heartstopper-depicts-queer-joy-heres-why-that-can-bring-about-complicated-feelings-for-those-in-the-lgbtiq-community-183729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Link complicated feelings for adults in the LGBTQ+ community\">complicated feelings for some in the LGBTQ+ community<\/a>, but Heartstopper provides a joy and hope-filled view of what life could be like for queer young people today.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/files\/2022\/05\/HEartstopper-comic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4187 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/files\/2022\/05\/HEartstopper-comic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"453\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800080\">&#8220;I am excited to be addressing topics on gender and sexual inequality for my final year project. \u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800080\">Watching Heartstopper with my girlfriend filled us with such joy and hope. For anyone in the LGBTQ+ community, it can be so difficult to navigate the journey of discovering their identify within a heterosexual-dominated society. As a bisexual woman, I have seen little to no media that includes LGBTQ+ characters generally, let alone characters which represent my specific identity \u2013as the scarce media that does include such characters often depicts two feminine women in a relationship aimed at a male audience. a book and TV series specifically created for the LGBTQ+ community, and better still young viewers.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800080\">When myself and my girlfriend were growing up, we were surrounded by dominant heterosexual norms, but perhaps greater exposure and diversity in relation to LGBTQ+ media would have helped me work out my sexuality a lot earlier.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800080\">Nick, one of the main characters, is bisexual and his story critically demonstrates that it is okay to work out your sexuality and that it can change. Further, Nick&#8217;s character challenges gay stereotypes, presenting a popular rugby lad as opposed to the LGBTQ+ camp trope, unpopular kid or \u201ctoken gay\u201d.\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"color: #800080\">Abigail Lugg\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">So here is why you should stop what you\u2019re doing and watch (and read) Heartstopper now \u2013 not just because it\u2019s wonderful, but because decades of psychological research help show why it\u2019s essential viewing for <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">everyone<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Representation matters<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> \u2013 We need more diversity in our media. We need our young people, including LGBTQ+ young people, to see themselves reflected back in books, TV and film, to feel validated, valued, seen, and accepted.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Heartstopper\u2019s positive role models smash gay stereotypes and provide a much-needed shot of LGBTQ+ diversity, with characters facing situations young LGBTQ+ people can relate to (discovering their sexuality, being outed, coming out, and later in the book series dealing with mental health issues). The mere existence of mainstream shows featuring positive, life-affirming LGBTQ+ story lines send an important message: representation matters, equality matters, LGBTQ+ people matter.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We need positive LGBTQ+ storylines for a younger audience <\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013 In recent years we have seen an explosion of shows featuring LGBTQ+ characters. But what is distinctive about Heartstopper is that it is designed to appeal to both a younger and older audience; Whilst the show depicts 15- and 16-year-old characters (authentically played by actors who were still in school at the time), the storyline, characters and key messages will appeal to both younger and older audiences alike. It\u2019s a show that younger adolescents, as well as older teenagers and their parents can watch together without too much cringe. And that is important: from a young age parents are a crucial source for information for children as they learn about their social world, including who to like, who not to like, and who \u2018we\u2019 get along with<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. By watching Heartstopper with their children, parents will have an opportunity to talk about the LGBTQ+ community and identity, whilst clearly communicating and reinforcing their support for LGBTQ+ rights and equality (whether their child is part of the community or not), and maybe even inspiring their child to open up about their experiences.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Challenging prejudice and stereotypes<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2013 Victimisation based on sexual orientation emerges mainly during early adolescence, when <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">h<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">omophobic name-calling is common<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Decades of research on diversity in books, films and TV tells us that the simple but immersive act of reading and watching characters that are different to us in some way, and who we connect with, reduces prejudice and stereotyping, builds support for equality, and increases openness to future diverse friendships. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Books and TV shows like Heartstopper, which provide a positive depiction of diverse friendship groups, in which the main characters are popular, happy, and included in the wider school community, may be particularly effective in challenging stereotypes and exclusion of LGBTQ+ people. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Being a good ally:<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Heartstopper truly shows us how to be allies in so many ways. Heartstopper models constructive ally behaviours, by providing examples of how parents, peers and teachers can support and create comfortable environments for LGBTQ+ young people, as well as demonstrating potential ways of standing up for and supporting victims of LGBTQ+ bullying<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Research tells us that viewing, learning about, and forming attachments to LGBTQ+ characters, as well as observing or engaging in cross-group friendships with LGBTQ+ peers, fosters empathy and constructive ally behaviours, helpful bystander reactions to homophobic bullying, and support for social change and equality. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Overall, Heartstopper provides a window into the minds of young LGBTQ+ characters as they navigate school, relationships, <\/span>friendships, parents, in a way that will promote empathy and understanding among allies, hopefully spurring them to provide supportive action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\"> <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/files\/2022\/05\/SHelf-of-HEartstoppers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4185 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/files\/2022\/05\/SHelf-of-HEartstoppers.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"315\" height=\"376\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #008000\">&#8220;My final year research project will look at the effects of Sex Education and Heartstopper on intergroup relations, so explaining why people should run to watch Heartstopper right now feels like the perfect place to start!\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #008000\" data-contrast=\"auto\">In the contemporary society where TikTok is taking the younger world by storm, it is becoming more and more commonplace to be unique. No longer are children as afraid to be themselves \u2013 it is individuality they most crave. Along with this comes greater acceptance for LGBTQ+ communities as the younger generations disregard heteronormality, and instead embrace the ever-changing spectrum that is sexuality. Heartstopper, and other progressive shows and movies such as Sex Education and Call Me By Your Name, fulfil the need for media that encapsulates this emerging enthusiasm for being different and expressing one\u2019s own preferences without fear.<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #008000\">As a Gen-Z-TikTok-addicted-bisexual, it was shocking to see how accurately the plight of discovering one&#8217;s own sexuality was portrayed.\u00a0 From Nick\u2019s confusion over suddenly liking a boy, to panic-searching BuzzFeed quizzes to determine his sexuality for him, to more serious topics such as homophobic bullying, Heartstopper truly shows people what it\u2019s like to<\/span> <em style=\"color: #008000;font-family: inherit\">not be straight.<\/em><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #008000\" data-contrast=\"auto\">Heartstopper works by showing us it\u2019s okay to love who you love and be who you want to be unapologetically.&#8221;\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000\" data-contrast=\"auto\">Hannah Bassom<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">There\u2019s still so much more to learn about the impact of LGBTQ+ representation on attitudes, friendship behaviours and support for equality and social change. Whilst research still highlights the power of face-to-face contact between groups as the best means of fighting prejudice, diverse representations in media could be a potential stepping stone needed to encourage future real-life positive interactions<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. We need to know more about the impact of diverse media portrayals among young people: who they are effective for, when they are most effective, and how long the effects last for.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> It is ours, and other researcher\u2019s goal collectively to investigate these questions further and establish the implications such media effects can have for all subsets of the LGBTQ+ community. We aim to move away from simply fostering acceptance or positive attitudes, towards using media to motivate action and support for social change.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Heartstopper gives us a view of what life could <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">and should<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> be like for young LGBTQ+ people. And this is why Heartstopper is so important, and so radical: we need more unapologetic, joyful, positive stories like this, filled with optimism, love and pride.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">Find more LGBTQ+ shows for younger audiences\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/www.romper.com\/life\/lgbtq-shows-kids-family\" href=\"https:\/\/www.romper.com\/life\/lgbtq-shows-kids-family\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label=\"Link here,\">here,<\/a>\u00a0but a particular shout out to the trailblazing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/cbbc\/shows\/jamie-johnson\"><i>Jamie Johnson<\/i> <\/a>(CBBC) aimed at 9-12 year olds<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.netflix.com\/gb\/title\/80179762\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">She-Ra and the Princesses of Power<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (Netflix). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FrK4xPy4ahg\">Heartstopper<\/a> is available now on Netflix and you can find the books in all good book shops <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.scholastic.co.uk\/products\/Heartstopper-Pack-x-4-9789999710541\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">here<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">!<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hannah Bassom is\u00a0studying for a degree in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/courses\/undergraduate\/49\/psychology\">Psychology<\/a> BSc (Hons) with research interests in LGBTQ+ communities,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abigail Lugg is studying for a degree in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/courses\/undergraduate\/2528\/psychology-placement-year\">Psychology with a placement year BSc (Hons).<\/a> Her research interests lie within mental health, representation, and equality.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">References\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">1 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bond, B. J., &amp; Miller, B. (2017). From screen to self:<a href=\"https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/viewFile\/5472\/1888\"> The relationship between television exposure and self-complexity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth.<\/a>\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">International Journal of Communication<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">11<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 94\u2013112.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">2 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">McInroy, L. B., &amp; Craig, S. L. 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(2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0885985X18301554?casa_token=18bpeddJbkAAAAAA:mT617mTcwRQtSgsMjcyoZkwOVGn4nfRS1xwQ4WlZBlBJM4G-UxvyKYBD3N5FB5MM4rhoUaT5bQ\">Positioning children<\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u05f3<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">s literature to confront the persistent avoidance of LGBTQ topics among elementary preservice teachers.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The Journal of Social Studies Research<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">44<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(1), 169-184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jssr.2019.01.006<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">4 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Degner, J., &amp; Dalege, J. (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2013-02953-001\">The apple does not fall far from the tree, or does it? A meta-analysis of parent\u2013child similarity in intergroup attitudes. <\/a><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Psychological Bulletin<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">139<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(6), 1270-1304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031436<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">5 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Leemis, R. W., Hipp, T. N., &amp; Davis, J. P. (2018).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6098975\/\"> Longitudinal examination of the bullying-sexual violence pathway across early to late adolescence: Implicating homophobic name-calling. <\/a><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(9), 1880\u20131893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-018-0827-4.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">6 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Toomey, R. B., &amp; Russell, S. T. (2016).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4795832\/\"> The role of sexual orientation in school-based victimization: A meta-analysis. <\/a><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Youth &amp; Society, 48<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(2), 176\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0044118X13483778<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">7 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Massey, Z. B., Wong, N. C., &amp; Barbati, J. L. (2021). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/10510974.2021.1876125?casa_token=txYw4XQjUd8AAAAA:MtwkortewmgDR0S0JXVxl1Um5xJqzCUjTGkmXBF26m_Ekm_4NqfAf7uJK4tu1G0ILEGT20RSfXV0\">Meeting the (trans)parent: Test of parasocial contact with transgender characters on reducing stigma toward transgender people.<\/a>\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Communication Studies<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">72<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(2), 232-250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10510974.2021.1876125<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">8 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., &amp; Hewes, D. E. (2006). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1300\/J082v51n04_02?casa_token=i7OAjLWuNXIAAAAA:le6TDcqFRBd6_KStcBqkZSeETJfcVgF4WxFrQmr0mgc95V3GH4hzxb_T7zTGzwa30LXlNmnCq0Wx\">Can one TV show make a difference? Will &amp; Grace and the Parasocial Contact Hypothesis.<\/a>\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journal of Homosexuality<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">51<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(4), 15-37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J082v51n04_02<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">9 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Vezzali, L., &amp; Stathi, S. (2020). <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1300\/J082v51n04_02?casa_token=i7OAjLWuNXIAAAAA:le6TDcqFRBd6_KStcBqkZSeETJfcVgF4WxFrQmr0mgc95V3GH4hzxb_T7zTGzwa30LXlNmnCq0Wx\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Using intergroup contact to fight prejudice and negative attitudes: Psychological perspectives<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781351136341<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">10 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Turner, R. N., &amp; Cameron, L. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\/58409\/3\/Turner%20and%20Cameron%202016.pdf\">Confidence in contact: A new perspective on promoting cross<\/a><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u2010<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">group friendship among children and adolescents.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Social issues and Policy Review<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">10<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(1), 212-246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sipr.12023<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">11 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Haji, R., &amp; Noguchi, H. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/library.oapen.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.12657\/23096\/1007062.pdf?sequence=1#page=38\">Indirect contact interventions to promote peace in multicultural societies<\/a>. In N. Balvin &amp; D. J. Christie (Eds.), <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Children and peace: From research to action <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(pp. 57-70). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22176-8<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">12 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Abbott, N., Cameron, L., &amp; Thompson, J. (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0143034319893410\">Evaluating the impact of a defender role-play intervention on adolescent\u2019s defender intentions and responses towards name-calling.<\/a>\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">School Psychology International<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">41<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(2), 154-169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0143034319893410<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">13 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ant\u00f3nio, R., Guerra, R., &amp; Moleiro, C. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/321198352_Having_friends_with_gay_friends_The_role_of_extended_contact_empathy_and_threat_on_assertive_bystanders_behavioral_intentions\">Having friends with gay friends? The role of extended contact, empathy and threat on assertive bystanders\u2019 behavioral intentions<\/a>. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Psicologia<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">31<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(2), 15-24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17575\/rpsicol.v31i2.1138<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">14 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Abbott, N., &amp; Cameron, L. (2014). <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.canterbury.ac.uk\/download\/3a0f4029fb7f839936a1ac0750c8bfc0269319381850b22be92b95cf219278ce\/712357\/12609a_Abbott%20%20Cameron%20%282014%29%20Final%20manuscript.pdf\">What makes a young assertive bystander? The effect of intergroup contact, empathy, cultural openness, and in-group bias on assertive bystander intervention intentions<\/a>. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journal of Social Issues<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">70<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(1), 167-182. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/josi.12053<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">15 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Bond, B. J., &amp; Compton, B. L. (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08838151.2015.1093485?casa_token=O9-7DQ7v734AAAAA:9mVUKDnfxlVB6-ciIUjKAD6y3OwSGGadGhrlwh9cKqPXr96hKihZkVzz1FypQpykRUBqx9L_lyqd\">Gay on-screen: The relationship between exposure to gay characters on television and heterosexual audiences&#8217; endorsement of gay equality.<\/a>\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Journal of Broadcasting &amp; Electronic Media<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">59<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(4), 717-732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08838151.2015.1093485<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">16 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Sholl, K. (2016).\u202f<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.csun.edu\/bitstream\/handle\/10211.3\/173314\/Sholl-Kelcey-thesis-2016.pdf?sequence=1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Pilot study on the effects of an LGBT-focused documentary on attitudes, knowledge, and empathy towards LGBT individuals<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u202f(Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Northridge).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">17 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Brown, R., &amp; Paterson, J. (2016).<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352250X16300197?casa_token=JT6rvDRP4vMAAAAA:EiniRbDsg3Zeq5eE3K5KXqjJB6kj_6rpOj8k6RiUdKSJMHqLFcH7HwlvWHRfvJNAU_puXdt1TA\"> Indirect contact and prejudice reduction: Limits and possibilities<\/a>.\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Current Opinion in Psychology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">11<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">, 20-24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.03.005<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">18 <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Hoffarth, M. R., &amp; Hodson, G. (2020).<a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/politics\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190228637.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190228637-e-1179\"> Coming out, intergroup relations, and attitudes toward LGBT rights.<\/a> In\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Oxford Research Encyclopaedia of Politics<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:360,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why we can\u2019t stop thinking about Heartstopper.\u00a0 Kirsty Gravestock (PhD student), Dr Lindsey Cameron (Reader in Psychology), Hannah Bassom and Abigail Lugg (Undergraduate Students) have &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/2022\/05\/27\/a-love-letter-to-heartstopper\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":66395,"featured_media":4331,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3684],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4173"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/66395"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4173"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4274,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4173\/revisions\/4274"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/psychology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}