{"id":1273,"date":"2020-04-14T15:21:18","date_gmt":"2020-04-14T14:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/?p=1273"},"modified":"2023-04-26T16:32:35","modified_gmt":"2023-04-26T15:32:35","slug":"open-scholarship-for-academic-liaison-services","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/2020\/04\/14\/open-scholarship-for-academic-liaison-services\/","title":{"rendered":"Open Scholarship for Academic Liaison Services"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Warning to the reader: this post would be nothing without the links. Please click on them, explore them &amp; ask about them \u2013 I\u2019d love to include all the information here, but it would be a fearsome sight to behold, and rather less accessible.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>What is open scholarship? Open research? Open science?<\/h2>\n<p>Firstly \u2013 the language. This is confusing \u2013 as much of the initial push to greater \u2018openness\u2019 has come from organisations based in STEM subjects, many of the terms used are science based. \u2018Open research\u2019 and \u2018open scholarship\u2019 are considered alternatives, but, as with \u2018open science\u2019 have others who feel this doesn\u2019t accurately reflect the work that they do. At Kent, we are currently using \u2018open scholarship\u2019, but this is under review as we endeavour to create an inclusive lexicon of \u2018openness\u2019 at Kent. Where you come across these terms, especially in other organisations, they are roughly equivalent, but in expressing the principles to a researcher, there may be a need for some sensitivity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/sti\/inno\/open-science.htm\">OECD<\/a> defines Open Science as: \u201cOpen science encompasses unhindered access to scientific articles, access to data from public research, and collaborative research enabled by ICT tools and incentives\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arl.org\/\">The Association of Research Libraries<\/a> defines it as \u201cOpen scholarship, which encompasses open access, open data, open educational resources, and all other forms of openness in the scholarly and research environment, is changing how knowledge is created and shared.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fosteropenscience.eu\/content\/what-open-science-introduction\">FOSTER open science<\/a> as \u201cOpen Science is about extending the principles of openness to the whole research cycle&#8230; fostering sharing and collaboration as early as possible thus entailing a systemic change to the way science and research is done\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vitae.ac.uk\/doing-research\/open-research-and-open-researchers\/what-is-open-research\">Vitae<\/a> says of open research \u201cIt&#8217;s about making research more transparent, collaborative and efficient.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>&#8230; but why?<\/h2>\n<p>I could wax lyrical here! There are so many reasons. Specifically in the UK, the vast majority of research is funded (indirectly) by tax payers, but really I can do no better than Gema Bueno de la Fuenta at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fosteropenscience.eu\/node\/1422\">Foster open science<\/a>. The link provides an easy to read introduction to the benefits and breaks is down into areas of benefit:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Efficiency<br \/>\n\u2022 Quality and integrity<br \/>\n\u2022 Economic benefits<br \/>\n\u2022 Innovation and knowledge transfer<br \/>\n\u2022 Public disclosure and engagement<br \/>\n\u2022 Global benefits<\/p>\n<p>And groups which benefit:<br \/>\n\u2022 Researchers<br \/>\n\u2022 Research teams<br \/>\n\u2022 Organisations<br \/>\n\u2022 Decision makers and financiers<br \/>\n\u2022 The general public<br \/>\n\u2022 National level<\/p>\n<h2>What does this mean for researchers?<\/h2>\n<p>The benefits for research are big \u2013 in a world of fully open scholarship, all aspects of research can be interrogated and challenged. Collaborative sharing of data and findings can speed information flow, innovation and discovery are no longer reliant on the inherent delays in making research available, such as with the rise of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aje.com\/en\/arc\/benefits-of-preprints-for-researchers\/\">preprint<\/a> servers and platforms.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re not there yet \u2013 open scholarship is fast paced, fun, and exciting, but it is not stable or predictable. There are many stakeholders and each innovation brings with it the need for adaptations, changes in culture and it rarely feels \u2018comfortable\u2019. Recently talk of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/collections\/prbfkwmwvz\">challenges in irreproducible research<\/a> have highlighted how a change in one undocumented variable can fail to find the same outcome.<\/p>\n<p>For researchers. there are challenges, in both navigating the wide range of available research, research output types, methodologies and systems that others are contributing and in contributing their research to the open scholarship world. \u2018Open scholarship\u2019 encompasses many areas, some of which I have pulled out below but this is by no means an exhaustive list \u2013 see, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication_the_Changing_Research_Workflow\/1286826\">101 innovations in scholarly communication<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>More resources!<\/h2>\n<p>More articles, more books, more data, more methodologies&#8230;. and in order to manage these, to filter them, to sort them, to evaluate them, we also have new systems to support the work \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.co.uk\/\">Google scholar<\/a>? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.base-search.net\/\">BASE<\/a>? <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledgemaps.org\/\">Open Knowledge maps<\/a>? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rechercheisidore.org\/\">ISIDORE<\/a>? Quantitative ways of measuring aspects of research \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.altmetric.com\/about-our-data\/the-donut-and-score\/\">Altmetric Score<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/search\/form.uri?display=basic\">Scopus<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/clarivate.com\/products\/web-of-science\/\">Web of Science<\/a> citation counts&#8230; with ethical frameworks on how to use them, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/sfdora.org\/\">San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment<\/a> and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/bibliometrics-the-leiden-manifesto-for-research-metrics-1.17351\">Leiden Manifesto<\/a> and guides to the tools such as the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.metrics-toolkit.org\/\">Metrics Toolkit<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elprofesionaldelainformacion.com\/notas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/tablaper3.pdf\">Periodic table of Scientometric Indicators<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>How do we support this at Kent?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Information Literacy\/ Digital Literacy<\/li>\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/is-project-viewer\/index.html\">Open Data at Kent<\/a> project includes a specific deliverable on \u201cInformation to researchers about how to Find\/reuse\/benefit from open data\u201d (more on data below!).<\/li>\n<li>Support on <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/category\/metrics\/\">Responsible Metrics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Data Management<\/h2>\n<p>Firstly, what is research data? As part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/is-project-viewer\/index.html\">Open Data at Kent<\/a> project, we will define data in an agnostic way that represents the research at Kent. As a working definition, research data are material which validate inform or support research conclusions. They are the foundation from which information and knowledge are derived and which lead to the insight that moves research forward. Data can take many forms, such as experimental measurements, models, records, images, sketches and lab books.<\/p>\n<p>Why share it? \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/wonkhe.com\/blogs\/open-research-data-is-key-to-open-science\/\">Open research data is key to open science<\/a>\u201d &#8211; as with all aspects of open scholarship, there are general benefits, but specifically sharing data allows for the validation of the research findings, enabling other researchers to see the underlying information on which the research conclusions were based.<\/p>\n<h3>How do we support this at Kent?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>It is very hard to share data that isn\u2019t managed from the beginning. It isn\u2019t impossible, just makes the work much harder, so we work with researchers on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/data-management\/how.html\">data management<\/a>, on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/data-management\/how.html\">planning, organising, storing and protecting data<\/a> appropriately. This has the side benefit that researchers following a data management plan are far less likely to lose critical data (Cup of coffee on a laptop anyone&#8230;?).<\/li>\n<li>We provide information on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/data-management\/select.html\">selection and sharing of research data<\/a>, including funder and publisher policies<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/data-management\/repository.html\">Kent Data Repository<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Open publications<\/h2>\n<p>\u2018Open Access\u2019 is often cited as the starting place of open scholarship &#8211; although not defined as such, it often means \u2018openly available articles and conference proceedings\u2019 with \u2018open monographs\u2019 being used regarding books. The research outputs from Kent are, in reality, far, far more varied from podcasts, video, performances, exhibitions, buildings to book chapters \u2013 the list goes on.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Publication\u2019 in this context is very much up for debate, particularly around preprints or practice research works. Open Access is research findings that are free to all readers at the point of access, so they can use and share it easily. For journal articles and conference proceedings, there are three main routes to open access \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/how.html\">Green, Gold<\/a> and the emerging <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2017\/06\/01\/diamond-open-access-societies-mission\/\">Diamond<\/a> open access. For books, there are a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/books.html\">wide variety of routes<\/a>, and new models emerge frequently.<br \/>\nIn the UK, Open access to articles is mandated, with a variety of conditions, by both the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/funders.html\">major funders<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/ref.html\">Research England through the REF<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>How do we support this at Kent?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/apc.html\">Article and book processing charges<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/researchsupport\/disseminate.html\">Dissemination planning<\/a> &#8211; A plan for dissemination can also ensure expectations of collaborators and research associates involved in projects are considered \u2013 who will author which outputs? Is author order important for this output? How will the balance work across the project? Planning for dissemination also means researchers can avoid, or be aware of, competing deadlines across projects and publishers. It ensures that all groups who are interested in the project findings will have an appropriate way of receiving them, whether that is an academic book or a guest blog post on a policy makers website.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/index.html\">Support, advice and information on Open Access<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/practice-research\/\">Support for practice research works<\/a> &#8211; Practice research works are items that arise from the synergy of a creator\u2019s research and practice. They exist in a wide variety of formats, can be intangible and are enhanced by specialist support for description, preservation and discovery.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/category\/innovation-in-scholarly-communication\/\">Innovative ways of disseminating research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\">Kent Academic Repository<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/data.kent.ac.uk\/\">Kent Data Repository<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Copyright and Licensing<\/h2>\n<p>With open scholarship, the license that work is made available under is crucial in how open and available the work is for reuse. Work may be available to read or access, but if (for example) a dataset cannot be read by a machine, then it is limiting the use of that work.<\/p>\n<h3>How do we support this at Kent?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.ac.uk\/library\/research\/open-access\/copyright.html\">Copyright in research outputs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Continuing changes<\/h2>\n<p>These are some of the key aspects of open scholarship, but there are many more that are emerging. Equally, there are currently not generally accepted ways of facilitating many of these \u2013 they sit at the cutting edge of open scholarship and their adoption varies across discipline, media and researcher to researcher. The links below provide a rough overview of each area, but if anything catches your interest, do talk to us.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6140953\/\">open peer review<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/opencitations.net\/\">open citations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/openresearchcentral.org\/\">open research platforms<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oercommons.org\/\">open educational resources<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theolb.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\">open methodology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>How do we support this at Kent?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"mailto:osc@kent.ac.uk\">Talk to us!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Warning to the reader: this post would be nothing without the links. Please click on them, explore them &amp; ask about them \u2013 I\u2019d love &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/2020\/04\/14\/open-scholarship-for-academic-liaison-services\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":211,"featured_media":1291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[257583,9663,278468],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1273"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1318,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1273\/revisions\/1318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1273"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1273"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/osc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}