Written by Natalia Kuzovova<\/p>\n
The famine of 1932\u201333 in Ukraine was a genocide of the Ukrainian people that claimed the lives of 3.9 million people. The total number of demographic losses amounted to more than 4.5 million. For a long time, archival documents about the famine were classified. But the surviving Ukrainians kept talking about the fact that \u2018we are being killed by hunger\u2019, \u2018we were starved to death\u2019. Therefore, the word \u2018Holodomor\u2019 became a signifier for this famine.<\/p>\n
The introduction of forced industrialization and the first five-year plan was accompanied by collectivization and decentralization throughout the Soviet Union (USSR). But in Ukraine, violence against the peasants was accompanied by a decisive attack on Ukrainian culture and spiritual life. Joseph Stalin feared that the negative sentiments caused by his economic policies would turn into a popular uprising. He suspected that Ukrainian communists and representatives of local authorities in Ukraine would pose a threat to his power. Stalin wanted to exsanguinate Ukraine with the help of artificial starvation and use this terrible example to intimidate other regions of the USSR. It was not for nothing that he also ordered to stop Ukrainization in general in places where Ukrainians lived compactly in the USSR in 1933 (Kuban, Kazakhstan, Volga, Far East). This was the signal for the curtailment of the indigenization policy and the beginning of Russification in the USSR.<\/p>\n
At first, Ukrainians thought that they could survive, despite the excessive plan for grain procurement in 1932. But the state turned out to be insatiable. The introduction of repressive judicial measures, an increase in the number of militia under the command of the ODPU, served to more effectively seize grain from individual farmers and collective farms. First, they took out the grain that was supposed to be given during the bread harvest. Then the collective farm workers were forced to return the grain they had been given for their work during the year, and the sole proprietors were forced to return what they had prepared for their own consumption. Later, the authorities decided to take away the seed fund, then the social fund, which was intended to supply teachers and doctors. At the same time, Ukrainian cities were removed from centralized food supply. Now the local authorities in Ukraine had to find products themselves to feed the workers, employees, provide educational institutions, health care and prisons. Famine gripped the cities, and the Soviet authorities began to incite antagonism between townspeople and peasants, placing the blame for the famine on the countryside. Hungry workers were sent to the villages \u2018to fight the kurkuls<\/em> (\u2018kulaks\u2019 in Russain)\u2019. Conditions for conflict were also created in the villages: agitation brigades and komnezams were allowed to take ten per cent of the seized food from the kurkuls<\/em>. \u2018Natural fines\u2019 were introduced for non-fulfilment of bread procurement, that is, confiscation of all food products. Those who resisted were subjected to judicial repression, and their families were expelled from their homes, sentenced to be shot or deported to the North.<\/p>\n When the first cases of starvation began to be recorded, in the winter of 1932\u201333, the authorities began to spread information that the peasants were deliberately causing their children to swell up and die in order not to fulfill the grain procurement. And later, they forbade collecting and disseminating information about the starving in general, assuring the whole world that Ukraine was not starving, all that these were fabrications of the enemies of the Soviet government. At this time, the stage of modified bread harvesting began in February, grain for sowing began to be collected, instead of the withdrawn seed stocks. This further contributed to the spread of famine.<\/p>\n With the onset of spring, the peasants refused to work without food aid. That is why bread was sent to the south of Ukraine, which was supposed to feed those who will go to the fields. But the central and central-eastern regions had to fend for themselves. Therefore, a significant number of deaths occurred precisely in May and June 1933.<\/p>\n The famine of 1932\u201333 did not force the peasants to give up their private farms, and the one-person farm was destroyed only with the adoption of the Constitution of 1936.<\/p>\n \u0434\u0443: \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 1932-1933 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u2013 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0434 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f 3,9 \u043c\u043b\u043d \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 4,5 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u00bb, \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u00bb. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u2019\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f. \u0419\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d \u0431\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0457, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u00a0 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0456 \u0446\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420. \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0432 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420 \u0432 1933 \u0440. (\u041a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043d\u044c, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0436\u044f, \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434). \u0426\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0421\u0420\u0421\u0420.<\/p>\n \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c 1932 \u0440. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u041e\u0414\u041f\u0423, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0437\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u2013 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0417\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0456\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432.\u00a0 \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e. \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0437 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00bb. \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0443: \u0430\u0433\u0456\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456 10 % \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u00ab\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0456\u0432\u00bb. \u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u00bb, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0414\u043e \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0456\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0456\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447.<\/p>\n \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456, \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 1932-1933 \u0440\u0440., \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u0410 \u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0454, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0446\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438. \u0423 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0456\u0432. \u0426\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n \u0417 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0447\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0432 \u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0439\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c-\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c 1933 \u0440.<\/p>\n \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434 1932-1933 \u0440\u0440. \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f\u043c \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0457 1936 \u0440.<\/p>\n Dr Natalia Kuzovova is a leading expert on the Holodomor in Ukraine and famine in Kazakhstan at Kherson State University, Ukraine. There is an opportunity to hear her speak along with colleagues from the history departments at Kherson and the University of Kent on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on\u00a0<\/i><\/span>22 February 2024 at 10-11am: ‘The South of Ukraine and the full-scale Russian military invasion: Sources, Research, Memorialization’<\/i><\/b><\/span>. For more information on this event, please email d.j.ryan@kent.ac.uk.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n Image Credit: The Holodomore Memorial. Image Credit: Author’s Own<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n