How to Apply for a PhD in the UK

Dr. M. May Seitanidi, Director of PhD Programme, Kent Business School

Introduction

The highest academic degree a student can achieve is a Doctor of Philosophy, or doctorate (PhD/DPhil). Almost three quarters of those in postgraduate research (PGR) study full-time with 48% female research students (HESA, 2018). Between 2006-07 and 2015-16 the number of students studying on a part-time basis for a postgraduate research degree increased by 5.3% (Universities UK, 2017).

Studying for a PhD is very demanding and requires at least a 2:1 result in a student’s undergraduate studies. Today it is common practice, although not always required, that a student undertakes a taught postgraduate qualification before applying for a PhD. Moving from a master’s degree to a PhD requires dedication and a significant investment of time. Students must select an appropriate supervisor and develop a high-quality research proposal that will guide the next 3-4 (full-time) or up to 6 years (part-time) of research investigation.

Application Process

Developing a successful application for a PhD in the UK requires desktop research, an original idea, time and dedication. The process usually starts a full year before the entry to the PhD Programme. It involves several steps that are all interlinked and are fundamentally based on the research proposal.

A good starting point is selecting a University that has expertise in your chosen field of study. The webpages of a school feature academic profiles with information which will assist you in selecting the appropriate supervisor within a University. The next step is to check if the school offers scholarships either directly or through its partnerships. Kent Business School, for example, offers School specific PhD scholarships, and as a member of SeNSS (South-east Network for Social Sciences funded by the ESRC), provides further funding opportunities on a competitive basis. The UK government aims to further support PhD study by providing loans that will become available in the 2018/19 academic year, to those who are eligible.

Communicating with prospective supervisors is a time-consuming process and so you should only approach academics who are directly relevant to your research proposal and ideally those whom you are familiar with their published work. If a supervisor considers the research proposal of interest, applying formally is the next step which will kick start the institutional application process. Make sure that you mention the name of the supervisor you communicated with in your application which will assist in moving the formal communication to the direction of your chosen supervisor. Once you receive the offer make sure that you secure your place on the PhD Programme by accepting your offer. Continue your communication with your supervisor and ask for their advice on how to best use the time before the induction day.

PhD Research Proposal

Your previous degree marks, evidence of English language knowledge and references are important elements in being accepted onto a PhD Programme. The single most important document that will not only secure you a place on a PhD Programme but potentially the funding for your studies, is a high-quality research proposal.

Potential supervisors, PhD admissions tutors and/or funders assess annually hundreds of research proposals to evaluate the originality of ideas and the quality of the proposal. Formulating clearly what is original about your research is key. Provide your own interpretation of existing literature, use a particular technique and apply it to a new area, carry out empirical work that hasn’t been done before, or bring to the fore new evidence on an old issue (Phillips and Pugh, 2010). The quality of your proposal should demonstrate your skills in critical thinking and your ability to convincingly put forward a feasible research project.  A high-quality research proposal should achieve the following:

  • Have a clear title: Aim to develop a title that summarises the main idea of the proposal concisely.
  • Position the study in practice: Include intelligence gathering from the ‘real world’. This could be in the form of reports from public and non-profit sector organisations or think tanks. Newspaper articles and opinion pieces in leading popular press are also important in positioning the focus issue within social reality. Discuss the importance for the particular sector/industry and justify why the particular context is key at this moment in time and hence why it makes sense for resources to be allocated for this study. Explaining the importance of your research in practice aims to also provide an indication of your project’s impact i.e. importance for others.
  • Position the study in theory: Provide a literature review for your research project’s focus. Avoid developing a generic literature review of the basic texts in your academic field without establishing clear links to your research question. This should involve a critical review of the existing theoretical literature in order to establish the extent to which your proposed thesis makes a contribution – i.e., adds something theoretical, conceptual, methodological and/or empirical which is not already offered in the published literature. This section should position your study explicitly within a theoretical field, justify the study’s focus within the theoretical field and introduce the issues that will be addressed by your research question(s). This section aims to showcase your familiarity with existing research and theoretical/methodological approaches addressing the focal issues. It also aims to establish the rationale for the proposed study and hence it should end by introducing your main research question(s) and research aims.
  • Empirical research methods: Outline the empirical work you plan to undertake by referring to previous exemplary empirical studies which provided inspiration for your study. Methodological references are required as well as justifications of all your methodological choices. Identify the methods you propose to use and provide details of your proposed sample/context or secondary data sets you are planning to use by justifying all your choices. Providing some indication about access to empirical data is also a good idea.
  • Conclusions/reflections: Give a brief summary of your main argument and project summarising your main anticipated contributions along with the key challenges should be a good way to conclude by including some reflections regarding the foreseeable challenges of your research project.
  • References: Avoid listing references that are generic and not relevant to the focus of your proposal. Aim for relevance, quality and not quantity.

Final Word

Doing a PhD is a long-term process that requires patience and creativity. As you develop familiarity with a large body of knowledge, collecting, cataloguing and thought-recording systems will allow you to gradually identify the gaps in the literature and develop new ways of seeing existing issues/problems. Hence, patience with the process and with oneself are key in order to finally reach the moments of creativity and originality that will constitute your contributions to theory and practice and award you a PhD acknowledging you as a world expert in your chosen field. Good luck in pursuing your research goals and we look forward welcoming your PhD application at Kent Business School.

References:

HESA, 2018. Higher Education Student Statistics: UK, 2016/17 – Student numbers and characteristics. Available from:https://www.hesa.ac.uk/news/11-01-2018/sfr247-higher-education-student-statistics/numbers

Phillips, E. and Pugh, D. S., 2010. How To Get A PhD: a handbook for students and their supervisors. 5th edition. Open University Press.

Universities UK, 2017. Patterns and Trends in the UK Higher Education 2017. Available from: https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/facts-and-stats/data-and-analysis/Documents/patterns-and-trends-2017.pdf

 

Many thanks to May for sharing her expertise and advice. If you’re considering doing a business-related degree, take a look at the PhD programmes offered by Kent Business School or contact kbsadmissions@kent.ac.uk.

Academic Blogger:

May Seitanidi

Dr M. May Seitanidi is a Reader in Strategy, specialising in CSR, and Director of Graduate Studies (Research and PhD) for Kent Business School at the University of Kent.

Dr Seitanidi teaches Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Research Methods.

May’s research focuses of social partnerships: between business and nonprofit organisations with an emphasis on their role as facilitating agents of organisational and social change. She is interested in sustainability and corporate social responsibility and the functional role of conflict in achieving sustainable social outcomes across economic sectors.

First published 02/12/2016, updated 22/10/2018.

22 responses to “How to Apply for a PhD in the UK

  1. Thank you for your short and concise PhD guide. My question is; after you discus your proposal idea with a prospective supervisor and they like it, is it wise to send them the proposal once finished or you just go ahead and apply and only mention their name. Thank you

    1. Hello Ken, many thanks for your question. Our advice would be that unless the proposed supervisor has requested to see a final draft of the proposal, just make sure your application mentions their name. The proposal will need to be submitted to KBS along with the application anyway. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to get in touch.

  2. Hi,
    Many thanks for the work you do. Iam in the process of joining KBS at the University of Kent for a PhD in Finance. I’m searching for a prospective supervisor before I make steps into the research proposal. I need to be helped with any links to the Professors of the research area.

    Regards.

    1. Hello Caroline, We’re pleased that you want to join our Kent Business School community. Please find the link to our academic staff profile pages: https://www.kent.ac.uk/kbs/our-staff/academic.html

      If you click on the Finance tab, you will be able to find prospective PhD supervisors. We hope this helps, but if you need any further information, please do not hesitate to get in touch.

  3. Hi
    I am interested in applying for admission to the PhD – Finance programme at Kent. My area of interest is banking/financial services and financial regulations.

  4. My name is Rusha Yadeta I am from Ethiopia I have an MSC in agricultural economics and I am applying for perusing my PhD in agricultural economics or any related fields to Economics. If the available of opportunity please don’t histate to write me.

  5. Hi,

    I am interested in applying to start a PhD programme, to follow on from the title of my book, ‘Black Women Taking Charge-profiles of black women entrepreneurs’, but with emphasis how the role of government empower or hinder more women to/from becoming entrepreneurs. Specific examination of Nigeria women experience and lessons. I am looking for supervisors to assist in shaping my ideas especially as I am keen to complete the PhD program within two years.

    1. Hello Emete, many thanks for your message. We’re glad to hear you are interested in studying with us. With the PhD supervisors, we would recommend you have a look at our staff profile pages to have a look at our academic research areas and contact an academic who considers the research proposal to be of interest: https://www.kent.ac.uk/kbs/our-staff/academic.html Once you have an expression of interest you may begin your formal application. We look forward to hearing from you.

  6. Thank you for the very informative and helpful guide on how to do a PhD. Just 2 questions:
    1. How many intakes do you have for PhD
    2. Do you have an option to start with a research masters as part of the PhD? I.e. research methodology in year 1 and then get into actual research from year 2?

    Thank you and looking forward to hearing from you.

    Best regards,

  7. Hello Dr.M. May Seitanidi ,
    The application process which you have gone through is Paramount importance ; Specifically, for oversea applicants who are intended to pursue PhD at your University. Most importantly, I could say I’m lucky because You are the right fit to supervise my Proposal entitled ” Social Entrepreneurship and The Roles of Entrepreneurs Nexus with its Development to bring about Social Impact “: In case of Six Socially Entrepreneurial Ventures in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. now I am in the safest side that you could supervise me– your back ground ensured me that you could do so. Thank you in advance

    1. Hello Mathewos, thank you for your interest in pursuing a PhD at KBS. If you wish to discuss your proposal with me please contact me directly via my UoK email. Many thanks. MMS

  8. Hi, Mam i have Mphil degree in economics with CGPA 3.21/4. Now, i want to apply for PhD. Economics, kindly provide me info about the admission like how i apply like direct or through any supervisor?. I,m international student.

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