{"id":35,"date":"2017-11-27T13:48:40","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T13:48:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/?p=35"},"modified":"2018-01-20T12:44:20","modified_gmt":"2018-01-20T12:44:20","slug":"buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/","title":{"rendered":"Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"kent-social-links\"><li><a href='http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;t=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-facebook' title='Share via Facebook'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='http:\/\/twitter.com\/home?status=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887%20https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-twitter' title='Share via Twitter'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/plus.google.com\/share?url=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-google-plus' title='Share via Google Plus'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='http:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;title=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-linkedin' title='Share via Linked In'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='mailto:content=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;title=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-email' title='Share via Email'><\/i><\/a><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"lead\">Professor Jacqueline Fear-Segal (UEA)<br \/>\nCo-Investigator, &#8216;Beyond the Spectacle&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>Buffalo Bill\u2019s Wild West Show had already thrilled huge audiences in the USA when in 1887 it crossed the Atlantic to take London by storm. Crowds thronged the streets to catch a glimpse of the cavalcade of over 800 performers, 180 horses, 18 buffalo, 10 elk, 2 deer, and 5 Texas longhorns as they arrived at a purpose built arena in Earl\u2019s Court. Two and a half million Londoners would buy tickets to see the Show\u2019s extravagant rendering of life on America\u2019s Wild West frontier. William Cody (aka Buffalo Bill) later noted in his autobiography, \u201cWhen our spectacle was finally given it was received with such a burst of enthusiasm as I had never witnessed anywhere.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_37\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-37\" style=\"width: 405px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-37 \" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1a-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1a-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1a-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1a.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-37\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8216;The Wild West Show at West Brompton&#8217; &#8211; from <\/em>The Illustrated Foreign News<em>, 16 June 1887<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sharp shooting Annie Oakley, a buffalo hunt with real American bison, and a cyclone that blew a whole Indian village \u201cout of existence for the delectation of the English audience\u201d, were all part of this extravaganza that electrified the spectators. But it was the \u201cIndians\u201d who stole the show. Their ferocious attacks on a wagon train, a stage coach, and then a settler\u2019s cabin, each cut short by the heroic arrival of William Cody and his troops, delighted the crowd and simultaneously enshrined a simplified, triumphant, colonialist account of American history and \u201cIndian savagery\u201d that would endure down the years. As Joy S. Kasson has noted, \u201cThe Wild West\u2019s very hybridity \u2013rooted in the most clich\u00e9d melodramas and the most grandiose political rhetoric, claiming authenticity and mobilizing show-business glitz\u2014made it powerfully persuasive\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Powerfully persuasive and the apotheosis of spectacle, Buffalo Bill\u2019s Wild West Show lies at the core of this project\u2019s concerns. It enabled millions of Britons to see \u201creal live Indians\u201d and to believe that they now understood both the romance and horror of \u201csavagery\u201d, and the three tours also brought to Britain larger groups of Native Americans than had ever previously crossed the Atlantic. All of them travelled far and wide across the country, visiting more than 170 English, 30 Scottish, and 20 Welsh towns and cities, before (for the majority) carrying their memories and stories back home to their reservation communities.<\/p>\n<p>On this blog site, we will return numerous times to explore and discuss different aspects of the three separate tours Buffalo Bill\u2019s Wild West Show\u2019s completed in Britain &#8211;1887-88; 1891-92; 1903-4. In this post, I want to start with an exploration of the historical background of the show \u201cIndians\u201d who travelled to England in 1887, in order to look \u201cbeyond the spectacle\u201d and catch glimpses of their lives and their community experiences.<\/p>\n<p>By the time the Show travelled to London for the first time Cody was almost exclusively hiring Lakota, predominantly from the Pine Ridge and Rosebud agencies in Dakota Territory. \u00a0This was sometimes confusing as the Lakota \u00a0were also required to represent other tribes, not just in the arena but on publicity cards; for example, Little Bull (Lakota) was presented as \u201cChief of the Arapahoes,\u201d and Blue Horse (Lakota) as \u201cChief of the Shoshones\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_38\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38\" style=\"width: 363px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-38\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1b-300x232.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"363\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1b-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1b.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-38\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8216;Little Bull, Chief of the Arrapahoes&#8217; and &#8216;Blue Horse, Chief of the Shoshones&#8217; &#8211; Publicity cards from Buffalo Bill&#8217;s Wild West Show (in reality, both men were Lakota)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>For Cody, this Lakota recruitment policy alleviated inter-tribal rivalries and only required the services of a single interpreter. It also added a titillating savour of authenticity when \u201cCuster\u2019s Last Stand\u201d was re-enacted little more than a decade after it had taken place (in 1876). The recruitment policy also meant that the Show \u201cIndians\u201d all shared the same recent, troubled historical past. Although there were seven separate Lakota bands and within these there were divisions and different views, all had been touched by warfare with the U.S. Army and the government\u2019s relentless drive to confine them on reservations and acquire their Dakota homelands.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_39\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39\" style=\"width: 349px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-39 \" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1c-300x241.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"349\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1c-300x241.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1c.jpg 736w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-39\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>&#8216;Wild West on Voyage from New York to London&#8217;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When the Lakota boarded the S.S. State of Nebraska in April 1887 to travel to England, Congress had just passed the Dawes General Allotment Act. This Act would prove disastrous for all Native Americans because it legalized the destruction of their communal land holdings, thus facilitating their progressive dispossession.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40\" style=\"width: 394px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-40\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1d-300x83.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"109\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1d-300x83.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1d.jpg 459w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Creation and erosion of the Great Sioux Reservation, 1868-1889<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Created in 1868 by the Treaty of Fort Laramie and then illegally whittled away in 1876, the Great Sioux Reservation was again reduced and fragmented in 1889. Hundreds of American settlers arrived to set up farms on traditional Sioux hunting grounds, bringing Dakota Territory into the Union as two states: North and South Dakota.<\/p>\n<p>In England, when responding to a question about the future of his people posed by a reporter from the <em>Central News, <\/em>Red Shirt, who was the main spokesman for the \u201cIndians\u201d, gave an answer that was tactful but honest:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The Indian of the next generation will not be the Indian of the last. Our buffaloes are nearly all gone: the deer have entirely vanished; and the white man takes more and more of our land. But the United States government are good. True, it has taken away our land, and the white men have eaten up our deer and our buffaloes. But the Government now give us food that we may not starve. They are educating our children\u2026.Now we are dependent on the rations of the Government, but we feel we are entitled to that bounty. It is a part of the price they pay for the land they have taken from us, and some compensation for us for having killed off the herds upon which we subsisted. For myself, I know it is no use fighting against the United States Government.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_41\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41\" style=\"width: 243px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-41\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1e-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"243\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1e-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1e.jpg 306w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 243px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-41\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Photograph of Red Shirt<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Red Shirt\u2019s words plainly state the desperate situation of the Lakota and perhaps also serve as a tacit explanation for why he had joined the Show. Although he was speaking to a reporter through an interpreter, his speech offers a good example of how interviews in newspaper articles such as this can be read across the grain to reveal evidence of Native Americans\u2019 views and concerns. However, despite Red Shirt\u2019s candour, it is extremely unlikely that, in the absence of images like the one below, readers would have been able fully to imagine what this total dependence on government rations for food and clothing entailed for Red Shirt and his people.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_42\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42\" style=\"width: 428px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-42\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1f-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"428\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1f-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1f-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1f.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-42\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Lakota women waiting for rations at Pine Ridge, photographed by George Trager, c1890.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Red Shirt, like many others who signed up with William Cody &#8211;including American Horse (<em>Wasicu Tasunke)<\/em>, Blue Horse (Sunkawakhan Tho), Little Bull (Tatanka Ciqala), Little Chief, and Flies Above&#8211; had been a warrior and had already earned his place as a headman and diplomat. In 1880, he had been the youngest member of Red Cloud\u2019s Pine Ridge delegation to Washington D.C., where he joined headmen Red Dog, Little Wound, and American Horse, along with more than thirty other Sioux leaders to sign an agreement granting the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad a right of way across Sioux lands. Awareness of such events alerts us to the status of many of the Lakota Wild Westers and to the leadership roles they held in their own communities, before becoming performers and \u201cplaying Indian\u201d for the amusement of the British public.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_43\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-43\" style=\"width: 375px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-43\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1g-300x248.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1g-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1g-768x635.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1g.jpg 793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-43\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Red Cloud\u2019s Pine Ridge delegation in Washington D.C., photographed by Charles Milton Bell, May\/June 1880.<\/em><br \/><em>(L-R: Red Dog, Little Wound, John Bridgman (interpreter), Red Cloud, American Horse, Red Shirt)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In England, William Cody had appointed Red Shirt \u201cChief of the Sioux\u201d, but perhaps did not realise the experience he had already accrued as an ambassador. In his autobiography, Cody writes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It was interesting to watch old Red Shirt when he was presented to the Queen. He clearly felt that this was a ceremony between one ruler and another, and the dignity with which he went through the introduction was wonderful to behold. One would have thought to watch him that most of his life was spent in introduction to kings and queens, and that he was really a little bored with the effort required to go through with them.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>For Cody, Queen Victoria\u2019s request for a private command performance of the Wild West Show was the high point of his first English tour. Cody\u2019s observation that Red Shirt appeared\u00a0both relaxed and dignified when meeting the Queen of England serves as a reminder that, as one of the principal chiefs of the Oglala Lakota, Red Shirt had already experienced interactions and negotiations between \u201cone ruler and another\u201d when far more had been at stake.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1h-300x103.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"103\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1h-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1h-768x262.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1h-1024x350.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1h.jpg 1150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Advertisement for Buffalo Bill&#8217;s Wild West Show, depicting Queen Victoria in attendance at a performance in London, in May 1887.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Red Shirt was regarded by American government officials as a \u201cprogressive\u201d. And although he had been educated in traditional Lakota values, Red Shirt informed the <em>Central News <\/em>reporter that he now believed that \u201cour children will learn the white man\u2019s civilization and learn to live like him. It is our only outlook in the future.\u201d It is hard to ascertain to what degree Red Shirt\u2019s declaration was politically nuanced, but it is undeniable that just 8 years before Buffalo Bill\u2019s contingent of Lakota set sail for England, the tribe had been persuaded to provide the very first contingent of students for the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-36\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1i-300x236.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1i-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1i-768x605.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/files\/2017\/11\/JFS1i.jpg 818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Lakota boys from Pine Ridge and Rosebud Agencies on arrival at Carlisle Indian School, 6 October 1879.<\/em><br \/><em>(J.N. Choate, Cumberland County Historical Society)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The school\u2019s founder and first principal explained that \u201cthe children would be hostages for the good behaviour of their people\u201d (Pratt 220). Carlisle Indian School had been founded in 1879 with a mission to eradicate Native cultures and re-educate Native youth in white ways, in preparation for American citizenship.\u00a0 Although there is no evidence that Red Shirt\u2019s children (Annie, William, and Joseph Red Shirt) ever attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, several of the Wild Westers who travelled with the first Buffalo Bill tour of England were parents of children enrolled in this first group of Carlisle students. And some of them &#8211;most notably American Horse\u2019s and Blue Horse\u2019s children&#8211; would go on to become second generation Wild Westers with Buffalo Bill. We will track their stories in future posts.<\/p>\n<p>The Buffalo Bill Wild West Show presented an exultant narrative of the triumph of \u201ccivilization\u201d over \u201csavagery\u201d and English audiences, as we have seen, were not invited to reflect on the complex histories of Native American peoples. They also probably never considered the powerful effects that time spent in England had on the \u201cIndians\u201d themselves. Red Shirt suggested that, \u201cOur people will wonder at these things when we return to the Reservation and tell them what we have seen.\u201d One aspiration of this project is that members of the Lakota community may have Wild West stories they wish to share.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>SOURCES:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pratt, Richard Henry, <em>Battlefield and Classroom: four decades with the America Indian, 1867-1904 <\/em>(1964)<\/p>\n<p>Carlisle Indian Digital Resource Center &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/carlisleindian.dickinson.edu\/\">http:\/\/carlisleindian.dickinson.edu\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The William F. Cody Archive &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/codyarchive.org\/images\/\">http:\/\/codyarchive.org\/images\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Sioux Chief Red Shirt Interviewed,\u201d &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/3472620\">http:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/3472620<\/a><\/p>\n<ul class=\"kent-social-links\"><li><a href='http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;t=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-facebook' title='Share via Facebook'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='http:\/\/twitter.com\/home?status=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887%20https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-twitter' title='Share via Twitter'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='https:\/\/plus.google.com\/share?url=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-google-plus' title='Share via Google Plus'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='http:\/\/linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;title=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-linkedin' title='Share via Linked In'><\/i><\/a><\/li><li><a href='mailto:content=https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/&amp;title=Buffalo Bill\u2019s Lakota \u201cIndians\u201d in 1887' target='_blank'><i class='ksocial-email' title='Share via Email'><\/i><\/a><\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professor Jacqueline Fear-Segal (UEA) Co-Investigator, &#8216;Beyond the Spectacle&#8217; Buffalo Bill\u2019s Wild West Show had already thrilled huge audiences in the USA when in 1887 it &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/2017\/11\/27\/buffalo-bills-lakota-indians-in-1887\/\">Read&nbsp;more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53579,"featured_media":44,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53579"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":48,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions\/48"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.kent.ac.uk\/bts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}